It has also been demonstrated that the nature of the flashbacks experienced by an individual are static in that they retain an identical form upon each intrusion. Furthermore, the initial emotions experienced at the time of encoding are also re-experienced during a flashback episode, and this can be especially when the memory is of a traumatic event. This is consistent with the special mechanism viewpoint in that the involuntary memory is based on a different memory mechanism than its voluntary counterpart. In other words, people who suffer from flashbacks lose all sense of time and place, and they feel as if they are re-experiencing the event instead of just recalling a memory. According to the special mechanism view, the event would lead to fragmented voluntary encoding into memory (meaning that only certain isolated parts of the event would be encoded), thus making the conscious subsequent retrieval of the memory much more difficult. Both viewpoints agree that involuntary recurrent memories result from rare events that would not normally occur.These rare events elicit strong emotional reactions from the individual, since they violate normal expectations. This view holds that traumatic memories are bound by the same parameters as all other every-day memories. On the other hand, the 'basic mechanism' view is more experimentally oriented in that it is based on memory research. The 'special mechanism' view is clinically oriented in that it holds that involuntary memories are due to events, and the memories for these events can be attributed to a special memory mechanism. Overall, theories that attempt to explain the flashback phenomenon can be categorized into one of two viewpoints. However, agree that this phenomenon is in part due to the manner in which memories of specific events are initially encoded (or entered) into memory, the way in which the memory is organized, and also the way in which the individual later recalls the event.
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